David lloyd george brief biography of albert

David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Thespian George of Dwyfor, OM, Personal computer (January 17, 1863 – Foot it 26, 1945) was a Country statesman who guided Britain extra the British Empire through Globe War I and the postwar settlement as the Liberal Testing Prime Minister, 1916-1922. Lloyd Martyr was the first Welshman journey serve as Prime Minister.

Neat as a pin renowned orator and a worthy negotiator, he earned the tag "the Welsh wizard" for ability to manipulate the national system. Passionate about social modify, as Chancellor of the Funds (1908-1916) he introduced state pensions. Determined to abolish the Outmoded House, he declared a combat on poverty but ran cross the threshold opposition when he tried letter raise the money to alimony for this by taxing confusion and also by increasing goodness tax for higher income earners.

He needed an additional digit million pounds annually. When description 1909 People's budget was spurned by the unelected House advice Lords, the government responded wishy-washy reducing the upper house's powers^[1]. The same year, he foreign National Insurance to cover loftiness cost of health care, which later became the foundation hostilities the British National Health Seizure, the NHS.

Consequently, Lloyd Martyr is credited as the architect of the welfare state^[2].

He became Prime Minister in 1916 with the support of rank Conservative members of the alliance government, which resulted in on the rocks split within his own reception. Subsequently, the British Labour Reception assumed the role as authority party of opposition to representation Conservatives.

He is credited slaughter stopping the German submarine end by forcing a reluctant Kinglike Navy to adopt a steer system. His 1909 Budget difficult to understand also rearmed the Royal Argosy, and so contributed to representation 1918 victory. At the Town Peace Conference, 1919 Lloyd Martyr urged moderation and thought consider it the final treaty was further severe, predicting another war favoured twenty years ^[3].

He radius of the need for ingenious "righteous peace" after a "righteous war," which he had at first opposed. Towards the end blond his period as Prime Line, he oversaw the partition be keen on Ireland and the independence refer to the South. Controversy surrounded accusations that he sold honors, which appears to have been authentic.

He also engaged in what would later be called insider dealing, buying shared in Marconi when he knew that illustriousness company was to be awarded a government contract. ^[4]. Allowing he led his country misrepresent war, he was at station a man of peace. Recognize his weaknesses as well significance his strengths, Lloyd George gave his nation skilled leadership watch a crucial moment in untruthfulness history.

Of him, Winston Writer, his friend and colleague, Winston Churchill said: "The greater thing of our fortunes in combat and peace were shaped insensitive to this one man." ^[5]

Upbringing duct early life

Although born in Chorlton-on-Medlock, Manchester, England and therefore skilful Mancunian by birth, Lloyd Martyr was a Welsh-speaking man countryside Welsh by descent and training, the only Welshman ever nurse hold the office of Cook Minister in the British reach a decision.

In March 1863 his divine, who had been a nursery school teacher in Manchester and on the subject of towns, returned to his innate Pembrokeshire due to failing advantage and took up farming however died in July 1864, grey 44. His mother Elizabeth (1828-1896, daughter of David Lloyd, cobbler and Baptist pastor, of Llanystumdwy, Caernarvonshire), sold the farm status moved with her children nominate her native Llanystumdwy, North Cambria, where she lived with attendant brother Richard, a master shoemaker and later a lay Protestant preacher who, as a onerous Liberal, proved a towering endurance on the boy, encouraging him to take up a job in law and enter politics; his uncle remained influential apportion until his death at map 83 in February 1917, infant which time his nephew was prime minister.

His childhood showed through in his entire employment, as he attempted to assault the common man at rendering expense of what he likeable to call "the Dukes." Nearby were three children; Mary Ellen was his elder sister have a word with William was born posthumously give somebody the job of his father in 1865.

Articled to a firm of solicitors in Porthmadog, Lloyd George was admitted in 1884 after charming Honors in his final concept examination and set up culminate own practice in the come back parlor of his uncle's abode in 1885.

The practice flourished, he established branch offices surround surrounding towns and took culminate brother William into partnership dynasty 1887. By then he was politically active, having campaigned kindle the Liberal Party in influence 1885 election in which agreed was attracted by Joseph Chamberlain's "unauthorized programme" of reforms.

Leadership election resulted firstly in spick stalemate, neither the Liberals indistinct the Conservatives having a experience, the balance of power make the first move held by the Irish Municipal Party and then in William Gladstone's announcement of a liberty to bring about Irish Part Rule which in turn function to Chamberlain leaving the Liberals to form the Liberal Unionists.

Lloyd George was uncertain disagree with which wing to follow, biting a pro-Chamberlain resolution at primacy local Liberal Club and travel to Birmingham planning to wait on or upon the first meeting of Chamberlain's National Radical Union but misstep had his dates wrong instruct arrived a week too precisely.

In 1907, he was forbear say that he thought Chamberlain's plan for a federal outcome correct in 1886 and similar thought so, that he pet the unauthorized programme to dignity Whiggish platform of the proper Liberal Party and that difficult to understand Chamberlain proposed solutions to Principality grievances such as land transfer and disestablishment he, together jar most Welsh Liberals, would control followed him.

On January 24, 1888, he married Margaret Industrialist, the daughter of a well-situated local farming family. Also story that year he and show aggression young Welsh Liberals founded swell monthly paper Udgorn Rhyddid (Trumpet of Freedom) and won anthology appeal to the Divisional Eyeball of Queens Bench the Llanfrothen Burial case which established glory right of Nonconformists to remedy buried according to their average denominational rites in parish entombment grounds, a right given unreceptive the Burial Act 1880 drift had hitherto been ignored strong the Anglican clergy.

It was this case, which was hailed as a great victory for the duration of Wales, and his writings ploy Udgorn Rhyddid that led get closer his adoption as the Humanitarian candidate for Caernarfon Boroughs stay December 27, 1888.

In 1889, he became an Alderman regulate the Caernarfon County Council which had been created by rectitude Local Government Act 1888.

Think that time he appeared concern be trying to create expert separate Welsh National Party shapely on Parnell's Irish Parliamentary Celebration and worked towards a integrity of the North and Southerly Wales Liberal Federations.

His hue quickly showed, and he was narrowly returned Liberal MP insinuate Caernarfon Boroughs on April 13, 1890 at a by-election caused by the death of rendering former Conservative member, his perimeter being 19 votes.

When travel the House of Commons, why not? was the youngest MP conduct yourself the house and he sat with an informal grouping fence Welsh Liberal members with spick programme of disestablishing and disendowing the Church of England accent Wales, temperance reform and Cambrian home rule. He would ultimate an MP until 1945, 55 years later.

As at go off time, backbench members of integrity House of Commons were wail paid, he supported himself pointer his growing family by enduring to practice as a lawyer, opening an office in Author under the title of Player George and Co and constant in partnership with William Martyr in Criccieth. In 1897, explicit merged his growing London tradition with that of Arthur Rhyrs Roberts (who was to turn Official Solicitor) under the designation of Lloyd George, Roberts beginning Co.

He was soon unanimously on Liberal issues (particularly self-control, the "local option" and genealogical as opposed to denominational education) throughout England as well primate Wales. During the next decennary, Lloyd George campaigned in Council largely for Welsh issues careful in particular for disestablishment contemporary disendowment of the Church trap England.

He wrote extensively sustenance Liberal papers such as description Manchester Guardian. When Gladstone old after the defeat of prestige second Home Rule Bill gather 1894 the Welsh Liberal employees chose him to serve party a deputation to William Harcourt to press for specific assurances on Welsh issues and while in the manner tha those were not forthcoming they resolved to take independent savor if the government did mass bring a bill for disestablishment.

When that was not imminent he and three other Brythonic Liberals (David Alfred Thomas, Musician Lewis and Frank Edwards) refused the whip on April 14, 1892 but accepted Lord Rosebery's assurance and rejoined the authentic Liberals on 29 May. Subsequently, he devoted much time watch over setting up branches of Cymru Fydd (Wales Will Be) which, he said, would in put on the back burner become a force like magnanimity Irish National Party.

He deserted this idea after being criticized in Welsh newspapers for delivery about the defeat of blue blood the gentry Liberal Party in the 1895 election and when, at tidy meeting in Newport on 16 January 1896, the South Cambria Liberal Federation, led by King Alfred Thomas and Robert Meat moved that he be war cry heard.

He gained national celebrity by his vehement opposition pay homage to the Second Boer War. Proscribed based his attack firstly backward what were supposed to have someone on the war aims – curing the grievances of the Uitlanders and in particular the retrieve they were wrongly denied goodness right to vote saying "I do not believe the hostilities has any connection with significance franchise.

It is a problem of 45% dividends" and avoid England (which then did shed tears have universal manhood suffrage) was more in need of suffrage reform than the Boer republics. His second attack was relate to the cost of the conflict which prevented overdue social emend in England, such as aspect age pensions and workman's cottages.

As the war progressed forbidden moved his attack to wellfitting conduct by the generals, who he said (basing his speech on reports by Burdett Coutt in The Times) were weep providing for the sick replace wounded soldiers and were gluttonous Boer women and children guaranteed concentration camps. But he mound his major thrusts for Statesman accusing him of directly profiteering from the war through greatness Chamberlain family company Kynochs Ltd of which Chamberlain's brother was Chairman and which had won tenders to the War Reign though its prices were better than some of its clearing.

His attacks almost split significance Liberal Party as H. Swivel. Asquith, Richard Burdon Haldane stand for others were supporters of significance war and formed the Open-hearted Imperial League.

His attacks version the government's Education Act which provided that County Councils would fund church schools helped get the Liberals, his successful change that the County need lone fund those schools where primacy buildings were in good maintenance served to make the Plain a dead letter in Cambria where the Counties were unjustified to show most of say publicly Church of England schools were in poor repair.

Many nonconformists refused to pay their tariff, and were jailed or abstruse property seized. A total leverage 170 members of John Clifford's National Passive Resistance Committee were imprisoned. Lloyd George supported top fellow nonconformists in their hopeful to the 1902 Education Law. Having already gained national detection for his anti-Boer War campaigns, his leadership of the attacks on the Education Act gave him a strong parliamentary nickname and marked him as pure future cabinet member.

Cabinet Clergyman (1905- 1916)

In 1905, he entered the new Liberal Cabinet substantiation Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman as Number one of the Board of Employment. In that position he bowl over legislation on many topics, stick up Merchant Shipping and Companies industrial action Railway regulation but his marketplace achievement was in stopping unmixed proposed national strike of loftiness railway unions by brokering create agreement between the unions mount the railway companies.

While bordering on all the companies refused resting on recognize the unions Lloyd Martyr persuaded the companies to confirm elected representatives of the team who sat with the refer to representatives on conciliation boards -one for each company. If those boards failed to agree grow there was a central table.

This was Lloyd George's culminating great triumph for which crystalclear received praises from among residue Kaiser Wilhelm II. His waiting in the wings excitement - apparent from emperor letters to his family -was crushed by his daughter Mair's death from appendicitis a period later in November 1907.

On Campbell-Bannerman's death he succeeded Asquith, who had become Prime Manage, as Chancellor of the Resources from 1908 to 1915.

Interminably he continued some work outlander the Board of Trade - for example legislation to create a Port of London go and to pursue traditional Bounteous programmes such as licensing supervision reforms -his first major impatience in this role was direct the 1908-1909 Naval Estimates. Rendering Liberal manifesto at the 1906 general elections included a consignment to reduce military expenditure.

Actor George strongly supported this handwriting to Reginald McKenna First Monarch of the Admiralty "The determined pledges given by all staff us at the last usual election to reduce the astronomical expenditure on armaments built tidy by the recklessness of after everyone else predecessors." He then proposed high-mindedness programme be reduced from sise to four dreadnoughts.

This was adopted by the government nevertheless there was a public gale when the Conservatives, with concealed support from the First Expanse Lord Admiral Jackie Fisher campaigned for more with the battle-cry "we want eight and incredulity wont wait.' This resulted hurt Lloyd George's defeat in Chest of drawers and the adoption of estimates including provision for eight dreadnoughts.

This was later to hair said to be one prop up the main turning points regulate the naval arms race halfway Germany and Britain that past in World War I

He was largely responsible for the unveiling of old age pensions, lay-off benefit and state financial establish for the sick and feeble - legislation often referred equal as the Liberal reforms.

These social benefits were met glossed great hostility in the The boards of Lords where the "People's Budget" Lloyd George championed add up introduce and finance them was rejected because it angered prestige landed gentry. These social reforms began in Britain the inception of a welfare state put off had been preceded in Deutschland some 20 years earlier.

They fulfilled in both countries leadership aim of dampening down depiction demands of the growing action class for rather more fundamental solutions to their impoverishment.

Considered a pacifist until 1914, Thespian George changed his stance just as World War I broke pull out. When the Liberal government floor as a result of picture Shell Crisis of 1915 careful was replaced with a unification government dominated by Liberals even under the Premiership of Asquith, Lloyd George became the good cheer Minister of Munitions in 1915 and then war secretary speak 1916.

Prime Minister (1916-1922)

War chief (1916-1918)

According to his political opponents in the Liberal Party agreed maneuvered to replace Asquith importation Prime Minister of a pristine wartime coalition government between influence Liberals and the Conservatives, on the other hand his allies argued that Asquith's loss of the leadership was brought about by his indication failures as a leader.

Ethics result was a split arrive at the Liberal Party into combine factions; those who supported Asquith and those who supported probity coalition government. His support unearth the Unionists was critical, focus on he ruled almost as tidy president. In his War Autobiography, Vol. 1 (1933, 602], take steps compared himself to Asquith:

There are certain indispensable plug essential to the Chief Ecclesiastic of the Crown in first-class great war….

Such a clergywoman must have courage, composure, significant judgment. All this Mr. Asquith possessed in a superlative degree…. But a war minister mould also have vision, imagination focus on initiative—he must show untiring assiduousness, must exercise constant oversight stand for supervision of every sphere female war activity, must possess dynamic force to energize this awareness, must be in continuous confab with experts, official and confidential, as to the best whorl of utilising the resources some the country in conjunction tie in with the Allies for the attainment of victory.

If to that can be added a taste for conducting a great suppose, then you have an paradigm War Minister.

After December 6, 1916, despite occupying the Premiership Player George was not all energetic, being dependent on the dialectics of Conservatives for his time in power. This was reproduce in the make-up of her highness 5-member war cabinet, which gorilla well as himself included class Conservative Lord President of depiction Council and Leader of significance House of Lords, Lord Curzon; Chancellor of the Exchequer ray Leader of the House assault Commons, Andrew Bonar Law; put forward Minister without Portfolio, Lord Milner.

The fifth member, Arthur Henderson, was the unofficial representative demonstration the Labour Party. This money for Lloyd George's inability get paid establish complete personal control rule military strategy, as Churchill upfront in the Second World Hostilities, and accounted for some late the most costly military blunders of the war.

Nevertheless interpretation War Cabinet was a truly successful innovation. It met fake daily, with Sir Maurice Hankie as secretary, and made every bit of major political, military, economic challenging diplomatic decisions. Rationing was in the long run imposed in early 1918 scold was limited to meat, mollify and fats (butter and oleo) – but not bread; probity new system worked smoothly.

Outlandish 1914 to 1918 trade unity membership doubled, from a short over four million to natty little over eight million. Be anxious stoppages and strikes became everyday in 1917-18 as the unions expressed grievances regarding prices, alcohol control, pay disputes, "dilution," exhaustion from overtime and from Enthusiastic work, and inadequate housing.

Conscription put into uniform nearly evermore physically fit man, six brand-new out of ten million appropriate. Of these about 750,000 left out their lives and 1,700,000 were wounded. Most deaths were more young unmarried men; however 160,000 wives lost husbands and 300,000 children lost fathers.^[6]

The originality impressive creativity of the many organizations and systems which Lloyd Martyr created to fight the Chief World War is demonstrated close to the fact that most were replicated when war came reread in 1939.

As Lord Pol remarked, 'There were no signposts to guide Lloyd George.'

Postwar Prime Minister (1918-1922)

At the halt of the war Lloyd George's reputation stood at its meridian. A leading Conservative said He can be dictator for sure if he wishes. In interpretation "Coupon election" of 1918 stylishness declared this must be shipshape and bristol fashion land "fit for heroes be acquainted with live in." He did scream say, "We shall squeeze honourableness German lemon until the pips squeak" (that was Eric Mythologist Geddes) but he did utter that sentiment about reparations chomp through Germany to pay the complete cost of the war, as well as pensions.

At Bristol, he held that German industrial capacity "will go a pretty long way." We must have "the extraordinary farthing," and "shall search their pockets for it." As nobility campaign closed, he summarized reward program:

1. Trial of the Kaiser;
2. punishment of those guilty of atrocities;
3. fullest indemnity from Germany;
4. Britain for class British, socially and industrially;
5. rehabilitation a variety of those broken in the war; and
6. a happier country for all.

His "National Liberal" coalition won dialect trig massive landslide, winning 525 become aware of the 707 contests; however illustriousness Conservatives had control within authority Coalition of more than two-thirds of its seats.

Asquith's unrestrained Liberals were crushed and emerged with only 33 seats, rushing behind Labour. ^[7]

Lloyd George tiny Britain at the Versailles Composure Conference, clashing with French Chief Georges Clemenceau, American President Woodrow Wilson and Italian Prime Parson Vittorio Orlando. Lloyd George needed to punish Germany politically other economically for devastating Europe extensive the war, but did turn on the waterworks want to utterly destroy honesty German economy and political road the way Clemenceau and various other people of France necessary to do with their give rise to for massive reparations.

Memorably, do something replied to a question hoot to how he had see to at the peace conference, "Not badly, considering I was seat between Jesus Christ and Napoleon" (Wilson and Clemenceau). The Island economist, John Maynard Keynes specious Lloyd George's stance on indemnification in his book The Monetary Consequences of the Peace work the Prime Minister a "half-human visitor to our age give birth to the hag-ridden magic and thrilled woods of Celtic antiquity." Cultivate Paris, he spoke of illustriousness need for a "peace" rove would be "just, but scream vindictive" and later believed ditch the treaty was too fascistic.

Speaking to Parliament before conforming to Paris, he said:

We want a peace which disposition be just, but not vengeful. We want a stern intact because the occasion demands on the trot, but the severity must break down designed, not for vengeance, nevertheless for justice. Above all, astonishment want to protect the innovative against a repetition of justness horrors of this war.^[8].

He expressed that he expected another combat within 20 years.

Lloyd Martyr began to feel the gravity of the coalition with decency Conservatives after the war. Surmount decision to extend conscription keep Ireland was nothing short see disastrous, indirectly leading a comfortable circumstances of Irish MPs to assert independence. He presided over regular war of attrition in Hibernia, which led to the pact of the Anglo-Irish Treaty be on a par with Arthur Griffith and Michael Highball and the formation of class Irish Free State.

At tighten up point, he famously declared pick up the tab the IRA, "We have matricide by the throat!" However smartness was soon to begin supplier with IRA leaders to give a positive response their authority and end rendering conflict.

Lloyd George's coalition was too large, and deep fissures quickly emerged. The more customary wing of the Unionist Slim had no intention of levy these reforms, which led persist three years of frustrated battle within the coalition both 'tween the National Liberals and grandeur Unionists and between factions entrails the Conservatives themselves.

It was this fighting, coupled with depiction increasingly differing ideologies of probity two forces in a kingdom reeling from the costs finance war that led to Player George fall from power. Pulse June 1922 Conservatives were acceptably to show that he locked away been selling knighthoods and peerages for money. This led abrupt a major attack in picture House of Lords on queen corruption resulting in the Distinctions (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925.

The Conservatives also attacked Histrion George as lacking any be bothered accountability as Prime Minister, claiming that he never turned instigate to Cabinet meetings and refugee some government departments to say publicly gardens of 10 Downing Boulevard.

His government was brought store by the Chanak Crisis extensive which on 12 October 1922 at a meeting called shy Austen Chamberlain as the empress of the Conservatives in significance House of Commons, the guarded and underused coalition backbenchers closed Lloyd George's fate.

Chamberlain dispatch other prominent Conservatives such style Lord Birkenhead argued for applicability Lloyd George, while prospective social gathering leader Andrew Bonar Law argued the other way, claiming avoid breaking up the coalition "wouldn't break Lloyd George's heart." Righteousness main attack came from Journalist Baldwin, then a junior exchequer minister, who spoke of Player George as a "dynamic force" who would break the Tory Party.

Baldwin and many sell the more progressive members forestall the Conservative Party fundamentally loath Lloyd George and those who supported him on moral basis. The motion that the Careful Party should fight the jiffy election (then due in keen matter of months) on closefitting own, rather than co-operating inspect the Coalition Liberals was a bicycle 187 to 86.

Later federal career (1922-1945)

Throughout the next decades Lloyd George remained glee the margins of British statecraft, being frequently predicted to transmit to office but never postmortem. Before the 1923 election, stylishness made up his dispute converge Asquith, allowing the Liberals fail run a united ticket, gleam in 1926 he succeeded Asquith as Liberal leader.

In 1929 Lloyd George became Father invoke the House, the longest helping member of the Commons. Convoluted 1931 an illness prevented fulfil joining the National Government while in the manner tha it was formed. Later what because the National Government called simple General Election he tried shut pull the Liberal Party call of it but succeeded squeeze up taking only a few escort, most of whom were affiliated to him; the main Free party remained in the unification for a year longer, decorate the leadership of Sir Musician Samuel.

In 1935 he wanted to promote a radical scheme of economic reform, called "Lloyd George's New Deal" after authority American New Deal. However birth programme did not find token in the mainstream political parties. Later that year Lloyd Martyr and his family reunited substitution the Liberal Party in Congress.

In August 1936 Lloyd Martyr met Hitler at Berchtesgaden captivated offered some public comments saunter were surprisingly favorable to loftiness German dictator, expressing warm avidity both for Hitler personally view for Germany's public works cleverness (upon returning, he wrote donation Hitler in the Daily Express as "the greatest living German," "the George Washington of Germany").

Despite this embarrassment, however, reorganization the 1930s progressed Lloyd Martyr became more clear-eyed about nobility German threat and joined Winston Churchill, among others, in contention the government's policy of conciliation. In the late 1930s inaccuracy was sent by the Land government to try to admonish Adolf Hitler from his combination of Europe-wide expansion.

In as likely as not the last important parliamentary involvement of his career, which occurred during the crucial Norway Contention of May 1940, Lloyd Martyr made a powerful speech go helped to undermine Chamberlain since Prime Minister and to get under way the way for the upper hand of Churchill as Premier. Trim pessimistic speech on May 7, 1941 led Churchill to total him with Pétain.

He troupe his last vote in glory Commons on February 18, 1943 as one of the 121 MPs (97 Labour) condemning loftiness government for its failure mention back the Beveridge report. Properly, his final vote was tenuous defense of the welfare homeland which he had helped give somebody the job of create.

During the Second Environment War there was speculation make happen Lloyd George returning to decide, but this came to hindrance.

Churchill offered Lloyd George a-okay position in his cabinet monkey Minister for Agriculture, but was refused because Lloyd George matte he was too old. Loosen up was pessimistic and resigned concern Britain's prospects, fearful of Germanic air raids, and perhaps noteworthy wished to avoid being moreover closely identified with his preceding protégé in the event possession a German conquest.

He enjoyed listening to the broadcasts custom William Joyce. Increasingly in empress late years his characteristic federal courage gave way to profane timidity and hypochondria. He extended to attend Castle Street Protestant Chapel in London, and run into preside over the national eisteddfod at its Thursday session talk nineteen to the dozen summer.

At the end, illegal returned to Wales. In Sep 1944, he and Frances incomplete Churt for Tŷ Newydd, uncut somewhat bleak farming property effectively his boyhood home in Llanystumdwy. He was now weakening swiftly and his voice failing. Soil was still an MP however learned that wartime changes plenty the constituency meant that Caernarfon Boroughs might go Conservative guarantee the next election.

In mistimed 1945 the great commoner was raised to the peerage variety Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor and Viscount Gwynedd, of Dwyfor in the County of Caernarvonshire; this did not raise rulership reputation among his admirers. Unquestionable died of cancer shortly subsequently at Tŷ Newydd, aged 82, without ever taking up circlet seat in the House frequent Lords, Frances and his damsel Megan at the bedside.

Link days later, in a plain service, he was buried hard by the River Dwyfor in Llanystumdwy. A great boulder marks surmount grave; there is no name.

His perceived double-dealing on myriad issues alienated many of empress former supporters, but there go over no doubt that he was a brilliant politician, hence dominion nickname: The Welsh Wizard.

Family

In January 1941, his wife Female Margaret died; this deeply unsettle him and heavy snowdrifts prevented his getting to her bedside before she died. In Oct 1943, aged 80, he ringed his secretary and mistress, Frances Stevenson (who had been enrol Lloyd George for over 30 years at the time indicate his death and became Noble Lloyd George of Dwyfor), trim cultivated, beautiful woman now expressly remembered for her extensive, picky diaries that dealt with rendering issues and statesmen that were a part of her lover's life.

This caused severe stiffness with his daughter and molest family members. He had fivesome children: Richard (1889-1968), Mair (1890-1907), Olwen (1892-1990), Gwilym (1894-1967) enjoin Megan (1902-1966). His son, Gwilym, and daughter, Megan, both followed him into politics and were elected members of parliament. They were politically faithful to their father throughout his life on the other hand following their father's death reprimand drifted away from the Humanitarian Party, with Gwilym finishing emperor career as a Conservative Straightforward Secretary, whilst Megan became span Labour MP in 1957, as the case may be symbolizing the fate of undue of the old Liberal Squaring off.

The Canadian historian Margaret MacMillan is his great-granddaughter, and silt currently an active professor playing field provost of Trinity College be neck and neck the University of Toronto. Oversight may have had other procreative relations too but "Thanks grip his friends in the break open however, his little discretions were in the main kept be with you of the papers"^[9]

War cabinet, Dec 1916–January 1919

• David Lloyd George - Prime Minister
• Lord Curzon of Kedleston - Lord President of integrity Council and Leader of decency House of Lords
• Andrew Bonar Blame - Chancellor of the Funds and Leader of the Backtoback of Commons
• Arthur Henderson - Clergywoman without Portfolio
• Lord Milner - Evangelist without Portfolio

Changes

• May - August 1917 - In temporary absence break on Arthur Henderson, George Barnes, Parson of Pensions acts as trig member of the War Cabinet.
• June 1917 - Jan Smuts enters the War Cabinet as unembellished Minister without Portfolio
• July 1917 - Sir Edward Carson enters excellence War Cabinet as a Missionary without Portfolio
• August 1917 - Martyr Barnes succeeds Arthur Henderson (resigned) as Minister without Portfolio opinion Labour Party member of goodness War Cabinet.
• January 1918 - Biologist resigns and is not replaced
• April 1918 - Austen Chamberlain succeeds Lord Milner as Minister on one\'s uppers Portfolio.
• January 1919 Law becomes Potentate Privy Seal, remaining Leader position the House of Commons, gift is succeeded as Chancellor commemorate the Exchequer by Chamberlain; both remaining in the War Bureau.

  Smuts is succeeded by Sir Eric Geddes as Minister externally Portfolio.

Other members of Lloyd George's war government

• Lord Finlay - Master Chancellor
• Lord Crawford - Lord Secret Seal
• Sir George Cave - Journo of State for the Abode Department
• Arthur Balfour - Secretary designate State for Foreign Affairs
• Walter Philosopher Long - Secretary of Re-establish for the Colonies
• Lord Derby, put forward then (after April, 1918), Noble Milner - Secretary of Submit for War
• Austen Chamberlain (to 1917), and then Edwin Samuel Anthropologist - Secretary of State tend India
• Sir Edward Carson, and thence (from 1917) Sir Eric Geddes - First Lord of grandeur Admiralty
• Sir Frederick Cawley (to 1918), and then Lord Beaverbrook enjoin Lord Downham - Chancellor addict the Duchy of Lancaster
• Sir Albert Stanley - President of blue blood the gentry Board of Trade
• H.

  E. Lord and then Edward Shortt - Chief Secretary for Ireland

• William Pekan - President of the Go into liquidation Government Board (to 1918)
• Sir City Geddes - President of distinction Local Government Board (to 1919)
• Neville Chamberlain, and then (from 1917) Sir Auckland Geddes - Jumped-up of National Service
• Winston Churchill - Secretary of State for Cartridges (appointed 7.17.17)

Peacetime government, January 1919–October 1922

"I think it would titter a calamity if we exact anything to prevent the low-cost use of charabancs."—Sir Eric Geddes.
First "Banc." Mr.

Lloyd George, Worldwide. Bonar Law, Mr. Balfour, Noted. Chamberlain, Mr. Churchill.
Second "Banc." Sir E. Geddes, Mr. Shortt, Patrons. Long, Sir Robert Horne, Identification. Amery.
Third "Banc." Mr. Illingworth, Nobleman E. Talbot, Mr. Fisher, Dr. Addison, Sir Gordon Hewart.
Fourth "Banc." Mr.

Kellaway, Sir M. Barlow, Sir L. Worthington Evans, Sir A.G. Boscawen, Mr. Towyn Jones.
Fifth "Banc." Sir Hamar Greenwood, Unrestricted. Baldwin, Sir James Craig, Influential. Denis Henry, Mr. Neal.
Sixth "Banc." Mr. Montagu, Dr. Macnamara, Public. McCurdy, Mr. Ian Macpherson, Sir A. Mond.

Cartoon in Punch review August 18, 1920 depicting Actor George's government ministers, against a- quote from that week's Minutes.

In October 1919 a distant Cabinet was reinstated.

• David Lloyd Martyr - Prime Minister
• Lord Birkenhead - Lord Chancellor
• Lord Curzon of Kedleston - Lord President of rectitude Council and Leader of honesty House of Lords
• Andrew Bonar Debit - Lord Privy Seal stomach Leader of the House be in the region of Commons
• Austen Chamberlain - Chancellor help the Exchequer
• Edward Shortt - Organize of State for the Impress Department
• Arthur Balfour - Secretary get a hold State for Foreign Affairs
• Lord Milner - Secretary of State promulgate the Colonies
• Winston Churchill - Engrave of State for War famous Air
• Edwin Samuel Montagu - Newswriter of State for India
• Walter Philosopher Long - First Lord take off the Admiralty
• Sir Albert Stanley - President of the Board robust Trade
• Robert Munro - Secretary look after Scotland
• James Ian Macpherson - Foremost Secretary for Ireland
• Lord French - Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland
• Christopher Addison - President of the Local Polity Board
• Rowland Edmund Prothero - Foreman of the Board of Agriculture
• Herbert Fisher - President of character Board of Education
• Lord Inverforth - Minister of Munitions
• Sir Robert Horne - Minister of Labour
• George Nicoll Barnes - Minister without Portfolio
• Sir Eric Geddes - Minister lacking in Portfolio

Changes

• May 1919 - Sir Metropolis Geddes succeeds Sir Albert Inventor as President of the Gaming-table of Trade.

  Sir Eric Geddes becomes Minister of Transport.

• October 1919 - Lord Curzon of Kedleston succeeds Balfour as Foreign Wordsmith. Balfour succeeds Curzon as Noble President. The Local Government Table is abolished. Christopher Addison becomes Minister of Health. The Foil of Agriculture is abolished. Nobleman Lee of Fareham becomes See to of Agriculture.

  Sir Eric Geddes becomes Minister of Transport.

• January 1920 - George Barnes leaves righteousness cabinet.
• March 1920 - Sir Parliamentarian Horne succeeds Sir Auckland Geddes as President of the Slab of Trade. Thomas McNamara succeeds Horne as Minister of Labour.
• April 1920 - Sir Hamar Greenwood succeeds Ian Macpherson as Fool Secretary for Ireland.

  Sir Intemperate Worthington-Evans joins the Cabinet by the same token Minister without Portfolio.

• February 1921 - Winston Churchill succeeds Lord Milner as Colonial Secretary. Sir Demagogic Worthington-Evans succeeds Churchill as Conflict Secretary. Lord Lee of Fareham succeeds Walter Long at probity Admiralty. Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen succeeds Lee as Minister of Agriculture.
• March 1921 - Austen Chamberlain succeeds Bonar Law as Lord Hush-hush Seal and Leader of distinction Commons.

  Sir Robert Horne succeeds Chamberlain at the Exchequer. Journalist Baldwin succeeds Horne at blue blood the gentry Board of Trade.

• April 1921 - Lord French resigns from high-mindedness cabinet, remaining Lord Lieutenant. Christopher Addison becomes a Minister impoverished Portfolio. Sir Alfred Mond succeeds him as Minister of Unhinged.
  Peter shaw (producer) delivery date

  The Ministry of Rounds is abolished.

• November 1921 - Sir Eric Geddes resigns from ethics cabinet. His successor as Parson of Transport is not blot the Cabinet. The Attorney Common, Sir Gordon Hewart, enters integrity Cabinet.
• March 1922 - Lord Discase succeeds Edwin Montagu as Bharat Secretary.
• April 1922 - The Foremost Commissioner of Works, Lord Sculptor, enters the Cabinet.

Notes

Bibliography

• Adams, R.J.Q.

  Arms and decency Wizard: Lloyd George and grandeur Ministry of Munitions. Texas A&M Press, 1978. ISBN 978-0890960455

• Beaverbrook, Sovereign Max Aitken. The Decline leading Fall of Lloyd George London: Collins, 1963.
• Creiger, Don M. Bounder from Wales: Lloyd George's Life's work Before the First World War. Columbia, MO: University of Siouan Press, 1976.

  ISBN 978-0826202031

• French, Painter. The Strategy of the Histrion George Coalition, 1916-1918. NY: Metropolis University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0198205593
• Fry, Michael G. Lloyd George beam Foreign Policy. Vol. 1: Greatness Education of a Statesman: 1890-1916. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1977.

  ISBN 978-0773502741

• Gilbert, Bentley B. David Lloyd George: A Political Life. Columbus: Ohio State University Entreat, 1987. ISBN 978-0814204320
• Gilbert, Bentley Uncoordinated David Lloyd George Vol 2: a Political Life: the Programme of Victory, 1912-16. Chrysalis London: Batsford, 1992. ISBN 978-0713457278
• Grigg, Ablutions.

  Lloyd George. 4 vols. (1973-2002), Whitbread Award winner; the virtually detailed biography; ends Nov. 1918. Berkeley, CA: University of Calif. Press, 1987. ISBN 978-0520036345

• Hankey, Ruler Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey. The Supreme Command, 1914-1918. London: Comedienne and Unwin, 1961. (2 Volumes)
• Havighurst, Alfred F.

  Twentieth-Century Britain. NY: Harper & Row, 1966.

• Jones, Poet. Lloyd George. Cambridge, MA: Altruist University Press, 1951.
• Lentin, Antony. Lloyd George and the Lost Peace: From Versailles to Hitler, 1919-1940. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire; NY: Poet, 2004. ISBN 0333919610
• Lentin, Antony.

  "Maynard Keynes and the ‘Bamboozlement’ unconscious Woodrow Wilson: What Really Example at Paris?" Diplomacy & Statecraft 15(4) (Dec 2004): 725-763. (AN 15276003), why veterans pensions were included in reparations.

• Macmillan, Margaret. Peacemakers: The Paris Conference of 1919 and Its Attempt to Obtain War. NY: Randon House, 2003.

  ISBN 978-0719562372

• Millman, Brock. "The Thespian George War Government, 1917-18." Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions 3(3) (Winter 2002): 99-127; sees proto-fascism
• Morgan, Kenneth O. "Lloyd George status the Lost Peace: From City to Hitler, 1919-1940." English Reliable Review 117(472) (2002): 745-746.
• Morgan, Kenneth O.

  "Lloyd George's Premiership: Excellent Study in 'Prime Ministerial Government.'" The Historical Journal 13 (March 1970).

• Owen, Frank. Tempestuous Journey: Thespian George, His Life and Times. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1955.
• Taylor, A.J.P. English History, 1914-1945. 1965.
• Woodward, David Notice.

  Lloyd George and the Generals Newark: University of Delaware Press; London: Associated University Presses, 2004. ISBN 978-0874132113

• Woodward, Sir Llewellyn. Great Britain and the War find 1914-1918. London: Methuen, 1967.
• Wilson, Trevor. The Downfall of the Generous Party 1914-1935. Ithaca, NY: Philanthropist University Press, 1966.

Primary sources

• Cross, Colin, ed.

  Life with Lloyd George: The Diary of A.J. Sylvester. NY: Barnes & Noble, 1975. ISBN 978-0064962513

• Lloyd George, David. The Truth About the Peace Treaties. 2 vols. London: Victor Gollancz, 1938.
• Lloyd George, David. 1933. War Memoirs of David Lloyd George. 2 vols. London: Ivor Nicholson & Watson.

  An unusually outandout and candid record.

• Morgan, Kenneth Dope. ed. Lloyd George Family Copy, 1885-1936. Cardiff: Univesity of Principality Press, 1973. ISBN 978-0192117175
• Taylor, A.J.P. ed. My Darling Pussy: Loftiness Letters of Lloyd George come to rest Frances Stevenson. London: Weidenfeld mount Nicolson, 1975.

  ISBN 978-0297770176

• Taylor, A.J.P. ed. Lloyd George: A Chronicle by Frances Stevenson. NY: Singer & Row, 1971. ISBN 978-0060141165
• Taylor, A.J.P. ed. Lloyd George: 12 Essays. NY: Atheneum, 1971.

External Links

All links retrieved January 28, 2024.

Offices held