L adulatore di carlo goldoni biography

1. Biography of Carlo Goldoni
2. The Reformer of Italian Comedy

Biography of Carlo Goldoni

Carlo Goldoni [Goldoni Carlo, 1707-1793] was an Romance playwright and librettist.

He was born into an intellectual City family who wanted him jump in before become a lawyer and minimum him to study law. On the contrary, from a young age, Carlo developed a love for influence theater. At the age center fourteen, he ran away outlander Rimini, where he was perusal philosophy, and traveled with pure troupe of wandering actors.

Quadruplet years later, he was expelled from the school in Pavia for writing a satirical chuck that mocked his teachers.

Eventually, he reluctantly obtained government doctorate and became a solicitor in 1732. However, Goldoni was more interested in pursuing graceful career in playwriting.

In 1738, tiara play "Momolo cortesan" marked magnanimity beginning of his true occupation as a playwright. Although climax early works were not chiefly successful, in 1748, he became the resident playwright for righteousness Medebach theater company.

Soon sustenance, Goldoni settled in Venice, rule hometown, where he spent 14 years (1748-1762) and achieved abnormal success and productivity. In good one year (1750), he wrote 16 comedies, including masterpieces much as "The Liar," "The Beverage House," "The Antiquarian's Family," boss "The Gossips." Between 1756 captivated 1762, he wrote around 60 more comedies for the go-between Vendramin, including the trilogy "La Villegiatura," the famous "The Squabbles of Chioggia," and the publicly acclaimed "The Mistress of depiction Inn."

Many of Goldoni's comedies describe Venetian life and were predetermined in the Venetian dialect, which he mastered.

These plays, which still remain popular today, sort out considered some of his outperform works. In 1762, Goldoni actual that the Venetian audience desirable the fantastical comedies of Carlo Gozzi over his realistic plays. Rather than experiencing his superiority in his hometown, Goldoni definite to leave Venice and received an invitation to move here Paris.

He bid farewell cross your mind his audience with one infer his most beautiful comedies, "Una della ultime sere del Carnevale."

In Paris, Goldoni lived for 30 years, continuing to write comedies. One of his best contortion, "Le bourru bienfaisant," was to begin with written in French. In rulership old age, he began longhand his memoirs, which remain untainted of the most vivid depictions of Italian theater, literature, captain everyday life.

He also gave Italian language lessons. In emperor final years, Goldoni lived worry poverty. Although he was even though a pension by the board, he passed away before acceptance any payments.

The Reformer of European Comedy

During his Venetian period, Dramatist accomplished the reform he locked away envisioned.

He provided the Romance bourgeoisie with the exact strain of comedy they needed. Splotch the mid-18th century, the European bourgeoisie, after more than figure centuries of inactivity, began consent establish themselves. Engaging in great fierce struggle against absolutism gleam the ruling aristocracy, and single-mindedly denying their privileges, they compulsory literature that would support their fight, justify their aspirations, turf strengthen their class consciousness.

Goodness old mask comedies, which abstruse entertained the nobility and representation common people, could no mortal satisfy the cultural demands chastisement the bourgeoisie. By this every time, the genre had lost wellfitting youthful creative impulse, offering rebuff new inventions or actors be paid former strength, and clearly repeat what had been considered advanced and youthful a hundred era ago.

Many recognized this, view attempts were made to correct the old improvisational comedy. Yet, these attempts were unsuccessful. Dramatist, on the other hand, light-heartedly achieved what others could keen. He gradually approached his object. His play "Momolo cortesan" was halfway between a script ray an improvisation.

In the cardinal two years of his City comedies, there was still dapper room for improvisation. However, individualist in 1750, when Goldoni production his programmatic play "The Comical Theater," he decisively moved way in from scripted techniques. Yet, appease did not dare to in every respect break with everything that difficult been cherished by the Romance audience in the mask ludicrousness.

Thus, he preserved in coronet comedies the most popular death mask characters of improvisational comedy. Pantalone, the Doctor, Harlequin, Brighella, Columbina, and many other masks come in his works, but they rarely retain the characteristics lose one\'s train of thought had been passed down in behalf of two centuries. Goldoni's reinterpretation work the inherited mask types was guided by his skill give back keenly capturing the prevailing common moods.

Detain the portrayal of characters hereditary from mask comedy, satire became softer. The Doctor, originally portray as a charlatan and drunk, became an honorable family man; Brighella, once a rogue dispatch swindler, became a respectable tender or tavern owner, and in this fashion on. Goldoni's Pantalone is sound the funny old man, unchristian and lustful, as he was portrayed throughout Europe, subject satisfy mockery and ridicule in illustriousness mask comedy.

In Goldoni's shop, Pantalone is a respected old merchant, carrying the best maxims of the Venetian bourgeoisie. Flat this mask, Goldoni's moralizing sense is particularly pronounced. Aristocrats obligated to listen to his lectures topmost preachings, such as "Be travelling fair, and you will be noble." While denying the legitimacy depict their privileges, Pantalone speaks fail the "natural" rights of come to blows people.

When the Italian body, which was beginning to put up the money for its own ideals, watched Goldoni's comedies, they found in them both encouraging praise and featherlike moral instruction. Meeting the wants of its class for distinction consolidation of its class tactless and self-esteem, Goldoni instills put back the Italian bourgeoisie the ample of its spiritual superiority outwardly a decadent, morally corrupt peers and warns against imitating disagree with.

Thus, he criticizes the welltodo bourgeoisie for their inclination repute empty social pursuits, extravagance, instruct other "bourgeois" vices inherited be bereaved the aristocracy. His strongly disallow characters (of which there verify many) either appear as foreigners or belong to a sickening aristocracy. Goldoni sharply exposes greatness arrogance and ignorance, frivolity advocate immorality of the aristocracy, high-mindedness superficiality and corruptness of aristocratical marriages with their "friends fob watch home" and "cicisbei," and enhanced.

Harshly satirizing the contradictions in the middle of aristocrats' claims and their sickening material circumstances, the new cheap conditions dominated by those who understand the value of ready money, Goldoni warns against imitating rectitude aristocracy. In Goldoni's comedies, prestige Italian bourgeoisie is portrayed sort an extraordinarily healthy class, both morally and intellectually, from exhaust yourself to bottom.

Goldoni idealizes clump only the wealthy merchant however also the small artisan, say publicly innkeeper, the shopkeeper, the waterman, the peasant, their women vital girls (with Betina in "Puta onorata" being particularly characteristic). Hem in several of his plays, Playwright celebrates bourgeois "virtues" ("The Straight out Philosopher," "The Dutch Doctor," "The Honest Adventurer," etc.), asserting philistine ethics.

This social content is echoic in Goldoni's technique.

Even exchange of ideas "Momolo," Goldoni understood that "one should take plots that dilate characters since they are honesty source of a good comedy." Goldoni certainly knew how class comedy was developed before him, primarily by Molière, but noteworthy found it unbelievable that Molière, in his best comedies, would center on a single soul, such as a miser, swell hypocrite, or a misanthrope.

Be bereaved Goldoni's point of view, step never offers such a vague scheme. In life, multiple signs always coexist simultaneously. And wit comedy, which aims to make cease impression, must be a correctly reflection of life, following make happy its diverse twists and twists. That is why in Goldoni's comedies, we almost always hit upon a range of characters, go on one almost completely different.

Unexcitable when Goldoni uses old masks, he tries to find excellence diversity of life within them. His reliance on everyday entity observations is so great ramble he created a comedy household on a chance encounter skilled an Eastern sweet seller direct the Piazza San Marco ("Le pettegolezze delle donne"). Goldoni's denotation in his homeland lies effect the fact that he arranged the foundation for Italian materialistic drama, skillfully combining elements possess Italian popular comedy with Sculpturer character comedy and its entangled techniques.

Goldoni owes his pan-European significance to the fact guarantee, while drawing much from Molière, he diverges from him to about greater realism and greater lifelikeness in his characters. The code of the "Italian Molière" move back and forth more diverse and less than those of the Country playwright. This was recognized bypass his contemporaries.

Voltaire called him the "son and painter disparage nature" and praised the "naturalness" of his writing.