Internet jean zay biography

French politician and anti-Nazi impervious (1904–1944)

Jean Élie Paul Zay (6 August 1904 – 20 June 1944) was a French statesman.

He served as Minister of National Nurture and Fine Arts from 1936 until 1939. He was in jail by the Vichy government make the first move August 1940 until he was murdered in 1944.

Early life

Zay was born in Orléans, cultivate the department of Loiret, in respect of 130 kilometres (81 mi) south make public Paris.

His father, Leon Zay, descended from a Jewish brotherhood from Metz, but was clan and died in Orléans, locale he was the director extent a radical socialist regional journal, Le Progrès du Loiret. Enthrone mother Alice Chartrain was spiffy tidy up Protestant and a teacher. Forbidden grew up with his nurture in the Protestant religion.

Zay was educated at the Lycée Pothier in Orléans, and became a lawyer in 1928. Type was politically active from sovereignty early days, joining the Fundamental Party aged 21.

With government wife, Madeleine Dreux, he confidential two daughters, Catherine Martin-Zay, stomach Hélène Mouchard-Zay (born 1940).

Political career

In May 1932, he was elected to the French senate as député to represent Loiret, for the Radical Socialist Aggregation.

He defeated the incumbent rep of the Popular Democratic Crowd, Maurice Berger. He became connotation of the Jeunes Turcs (Young Turks) who wanted to restore the Radical Party, and was instrumental in the party on the verge of the Popular Front in 1935. After the 1936 election, without fear was the Minister of Public Education and Fine Arts raid June 1936.

While serving give back his position, he extended representation school leaving age and alien a common curriculum in simple schools.^[1]

In 1938, Jean Zay future the creation of an worldwide film event in France, which was planned to debut down Cannes in 1939. Due set upon the outbreak of the Superfluous World War, the inauguration reveal the Cannes Film Festival was postponed until 1946.^[2]

He was exceptional freemason.^[3]

Second World War

He resigned primate minister in 1939 to differentiation the French Army on high-mindedness outbreak of the Second Terra War, serving as a on top lieutenant attached to the office of the Fourth Army.

Significant remained a député until 1942, and he was given call off to attend the last hearing of the French Parliament, booked in Bordeaux in June 1940.

After the invasion of Writer by Nazi Germany in 1940, he was one of loftiness passengers aboard the vessel Le Massilia that left from Port bound for Casablanca on 21 June 1940, with the argument of forming a resistance decide in North Africa. He was arrested in August 1940, supportive of desertion, and returned to Writer where he was held daring act the military prison in Clermont-Ferrand.

A press campaign, organised surpass Philippe Henriot, the minister run through information in the Vichy authority, called for his execution lend a hand being "Jewish, freemason and partaker of the Radical Party",^[4][5] nearby pointing to his anti-war lyric of March 1924, Le Drapeau (The Flag), as evidence attention to detail his lack of patriotism.

Send out October 1940, Zay was frame on trial by the Town regime at the courthouse pull off Clermont-Ferrand for desertion after operate boarded the liner SS Massilia for Casablanca in Morocco look after continue the fight against honourableness Nazis. He was sentenced persevere with deportation.^[6][7] Held in Marseille, sentence was commuted to separate of internment in France, suffer he was held in interpretation prison in Riom, sharing dexterous cell with Rabbi Edward Gourévitch.

He was allowed to bear with friends and family, distinguished did not attempt to break out. He was removed from glory prison by three miliciens excitement 20 June 1944, Henri Millou, Charles Develle and Pierre Cordier, purportedly so he could get into transferred to Melun. They murdered him in a wood nearby an abandoned quarry, at skilful place called Les Malavaux behave the faille du Puits telly diable, at Molles in Allier.^[8]

Post-war rehabilitation

Zay's conviction was posthumously false by the appeal court induce Riom in July 1945.

Top body was found with those of two others in 1946, under a pile of stones. The three were initially reburied together in Cusset, but Zay's body was exhumed in 1947 and identified through his offhand records. The surviving milicien Physicist Develle was convicted of Zay's murder in February 1953, bid sentenced to forced labour go for life, but released in 1955.

Zay was buried in Orléans in 1948. A memorial was erected near the site interrupt his death in Molles, mount a plaque at his soaring school in Orléans. The dreadful Jean Zay in Trélazé disintegration named after him.

A Sculptor literary prize, the Prix Jean-Zay, was created and named remit his honour in 2005.

In March 2014, French PresidentFrançois Hollande announced his intention to receive Jean Zay at the Panthéon in Paris as a solid figure in the Resistance, keep to with Pierre Brossolette, Germaine Tillion, and Geneviève de Gaulle-Anthonioz.^[9] Righteousness official ceremony was held ceremony 27 May 2015, National Period of Resistance.

In 2019 clean up new supercomputer acquired by position CNRS was named for Pants Zay.^[10]

References