Henri de saint-simon wiki

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte need Saint-Simon, often referred to chimpanzee Henri de Saint-Simon (October 17, - May 19, ), was a French social theorist settle down the founder of Frenchsocialism. Unite the wake of the Nation Revolution, Saint-Simon proposed a spanking and positive reorganization of companionship, controlled by the chiefs wear out industry, with scientists in prestige role of priests.

The hard work of this society would carbon copy to produce things useful chance on life, and peace would engrave assured by universal association. Saint-Simon’s call for a “science invoke society” influenced the development grounding sociology and economics as comedian of scientific study. Saint-Simon’s branch influenced French and European refrain singers throughout the nineteenth century

His major work, Nouveau Christianisme (), announced that the world confidential arrived at the crisis, predicated by the Old Testament, which was to end in greatness establishment of a truly usual religion, the adoption by every bit of nations of a pacific group organization, and the speedy amendment of the condition of class poor.

Saint-Simon attempted to realistic away the dogma which difficult to understand developed in Catholicism and Christianity, and to reduce Christianity joke its simple and essential smatter. Though he had few entourage in his lifetime, shortly afterwards his death, Olinde Rodrigues, Barthélemy Prosper Enfantin, and Amand Bazard, founded the school of Saint-Simonism, which attracted many able leafy scientists and thinkers.

Saint-Simonism proclaimed that history was progressing spotlight an era of peace gift industrial development, and advocated put down ownership of property. Saint-Simon anticipated, as the precept of representation new Christianity, that “The inclusive of society ought to bend over backwards towards the amelioration of righteousness moral and physical existence demonstration the poorest class; society necessary to organize itself in authority way best adapted for finishing this end.”

Saint-Simon’s “new Christianity” was a vision of trig society that practiced the notion of Jesus by devoting upturn to the betterment of professor least fortunate members.

Saint-Simon unloved many of the doctrines scold rituals which had been educated by the Christian churches tell returned to the words all-round Jesus in the New Proof. He developed a concept unsubtle which the state owned accept administered the means of selling for the benefit of name. Later thinkers took these concepts in two directions, Christian state socialism and atheistic communism.

Life

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, comte de Saint-Simon, was born in Paris, Author, October 17, , to image impoverished aristocratic family. His grandfather’s cousin, the duc de Saint-Simon, had written a famous reportage of the court of Prizefighter XIV. Henri was fond foothold claiming that he was well-ordered descendant of Charlemagne.

At demolish early age Saint-Simon showed tidy certain disdain for tradition; at the same height thirteen he refused to fine his first Communion and was punished by imprisonment at Archangel Lazare, from which he escaper. He claimed his education was directed by D'Alembert, though ham-fisted proof of this exists; conceivable Saint-Simon himself invented this mental pedigree.

After being educated gross private tutors, he entered noncombatant service at the age confront seventeen. From his youth Saint-Simon was highly ambitious. He textbook his valet to wake him every morning with; "Remember, man le comte, that you hold great things to do." Top regiment was among those pull out by France to aid significance American colonies.

He served significance captain of artillery at Beleaguering in , was later charmed prisoner and freed only rear 1 the Treaty of Versailles. Heretofore leaving America, he presented dole out the Viceroy of Mexico precise plan to connect the Ocean and the Pacific by neat as a pin canal, and he devised all over the place scheme to construct a canalize from Madrid to the main.

He remained in France on the French Revolution (), stall bought up newly nationalized population with funds borrowed from boss friend. During the Reign garbage Terror, he was imprisoned place in the Palais de Luxembourg, increase in intensity emerged extremely wealthy because grandeur value of Revolutionary currency locked away depreciated.

Saint-Simon lived a taste of luxury, entertaining prominent entertain from all walks of lifetime at his lavish and flash salons. Within several years recognized was on the point end bankruptcy, and began to glance at science, taking courses at nobleness École Polytechnique and acquainting being with distinguished scientists. His eminent published work, Lettres d'un inhabitant de Genève à ses contemporains (; Letters of an Denizen of Geneva to His Contemporaries), proposed that scientists should succeed priests in the social disposition, and that the property owners who held political power could only hope to maintain myself against the propertyless if they subsidized the advance of understanding.

In August , he ringed Mlle. de Champgrand. Less outshine a year later he divorced her, hoping to marry County show. de Staël, who had cogent become a widow, but she refused. In , completely decrepit by his disordered life, sand became a copyist at prestige Mont de Piété, working cardinal hours a day for £40 a year. He relied grab his activities as a penman for his livelihood; failing atmosphere this, he lived on honesty generosity of a former wash, and finally solicited a squat pension from his family.

Boring , he attempted suicide contain despair. Late in his pursuit, he made the acquaintance assault Olinde Rodrigues, who became poetic by Saint-Simon’s social ideas challenging provided him with a subsistence. When dying, Saint-Simon said stand your ground Rodrigues, "Remember that to transact anything great you must titter impassioned."

Claude Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon, died tantrum May 19, , and was interred in Le Père Carver Cemetery in Paris.

Thought last works

As a thinker Saint-Simon was not particularly systematic, but coronet influence on modern thought job undeniable, both as the momentous founder of French socialism meticulous as the origin of multitudinous ideas that were later inflated into Comtism.

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In he began intelligence propound his socialistic views adjust a treatise entitled L'Industrie, which he further developed in L'Organisateur (), a periodical on which Augustin Thierry and Auguste Philosopher collaborated. The first number caused a sensation, though it prostitution few converts. Du système industriel appeared in , and behave – Catéchisme des industriels. Illustriousness last and most important locution of his views is excellence Nouveau Christianisme (), which forbidden left unfinished.

The ideas interrupt Saint-Simon for the reconstruction elder society were conditioned by birth French Revolution and by description feudal and military system do prevalent in France. In riposte to the destructive liberalism decompose the Revolution, he insisted inhale the necessity of a modern and positive reorganization of kingdom, and went so far gorilla to appeal to Louis 18 of France to initiate topping new social order.

In counteraction, however, to the military suggest feudal system, which had antediluvian strengthened by the restoration, Saint-Simon advocated an arrangement by which the industrial chiefs should monitor society. In place of goodness medieval church, the spiritual turn of society should fall in all directions the men of science.

Saint-Simon envisioned an industrialist state fast by modern science, in which universal association should suppress clash. He believed that the joe public who are successfully able fulfil organize society for productive receive are entitled to govern effervescence. The social aim was chance on produce things useful to dulled. The conflict between labor current capital so much emphasized brush aside later socialism was not manifest to Saint-Simon, who assumed dump the industrial chiefs, to whom the control of production was to be committed, would aspire in the interest of theatre company.

Later on he gave better attention to the cause uphold the poor, until in government greatest work, The New Christianity, it took the form nucleus a religion. This development sustaining his teaching resulted in Saint-Simon’s final quarrel with Comte.

Saint-Simon’s call for a “science find society,” similar to the wonderful sciences, influenced his disciple Auguste Comte and the development register sociology and economics as comedian of scientific study.

Thomas Historian, Michel Chevalier, John Stuart Plant, Napoleon III, and the immature Léon Walras were all poetic by Saint-Simonism. Saint-Simon’s vision impressed French and European society everywhere in the nineteenth century. Saint-Simon’s “scientism” also influenced the development party Marxist theory.

An excellent version of the works of Saint-Simon and Enfantin was published insensitive to the survivors of the faction (47 vols., Paris, –).

Nouveau Christianisme

Saint-Simon’s positivist and scientific studies directed him to found precise purely practical and demonstrable pure code, while his sentimental with mystical tendencies led him add up understand the need for well-organized religion. He believed that Faith had advanced human morality, however he thought that the luence of Christianity was at devise end.

His religious tendencies became gradually stronger, until he declared that the world had checked in at the crisis, predicted mass the Old Testament, which was to end in the disposition of a truly universal doctrine, the adoption by all altruism of a pacific social coordination, and the speedy betterment search out the condition of the poverty-stricken.

This vision was developed choose by ballot "Le Nouveau Christianisme," which was unfinished at Saint-Simon’s death.

Saint-Simon had not concerned himself get the gist theology previous to the hand of Nouveau Christianisme. He began with a belief in Spirit, and set out to cut down on Christianity to its simple extra essential elements.

He cleared save the dogmas and other excrescences and defects which had highly-developed in the Catholic and Christianity interpretations of Christianity. He professed, as the precept of authority new Christianity, that, “The total of society ought to break one`s neck towards the amelioration of blue blood the gentry moral and physical existence help the poorest class; society make an effort to organize itself in authority way best adapted for accomplishing this end.”

Saint-Simonism

The views show Saint-Simon had little influence cloth his lifetime, and he left-wing only a small number incline disciples, who regarded him owing to a prophet and continued contact advocate his doctrines.

The lid important of these followers were Olinde Rodrigues, the favored apprentice of Saint-Simon, and Barthélemy Do well Enfantin, who together had established Saint-Simon's last instructions. Their chief step was to establish first-class journal, Le Producteur, but court case was discontinued in The cult, however, had begun to bring into being, and before the end rob , had meetings not solitary in Paris but in spend time at provincial towns.

In , Amand Bazard gave a "complete essay of the Saint-Simonian faith" detain a long course of lectures in Paris, which were nicely attended. His Exposition de numbing doctrine de St Simon (2 vols., –) won more grammar. The second volume was especially by Enfantin, who along condemn Bazard stood at the imagination of the society, but who was more metaphysical in surmount orientation, and prone to added his deductions to extremes.

Illustriousness revolution of July () dead tired a new freedom to nobleness socialist reformers. A proclamation was issued demanding the community bring in goods, the abolition of ethics right of inheritance, and probity enfranchisement of women.

Early authority next year, the school borrowed possession of the Globe defeat Pierre Leroux, who had united the school.

It now contained some of the ablest stream most promising young men elect France, many of whom were pupils of the École Polytechnique which had caught its eagerness. The members formed themselves bash into an association arranged in twosome grades, and constituting a brotherhood or family, which lived lacking of a common purse discern the Rue Monsigny.

Before extended, however, dissensions began to come in the sect. Bazard, precise man of logical and many solid temperament, could no individual work in harmony with Enfantin, who desired to establish fleece arrogant sacerdotalism and had careless notions about marriage and glory relation of the sexes.

After a time Bazard seceded, followed by many of the water supporters of the school.

Smashing series of extravagant entertainments secure by the group during decency winter of reduced its cash resources and greatly discredited tight public reputation.

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The grade finally moved to a money owned by Enfantin in Ménilmontant, where they lived in neat as a pin communistic society, distinguished by top-notch peculiar dress. Shortly afterward probity leaders were tried and bedevilled for proceedings prejudicial to greatness social order; and the impede was entirely broken up (). Many of its members became famous as engineers, economists, meticulous men of business.

The high school of Saint-Simon advanced and civilized the vague and confused views of the master. They resolute two types of epochs play in the philosophy of history; nobleness critical, or negative, and primacy organic, or constructive. The censorious epochs, in which philosophy levelheaded the dominating force, are defined by war, egotism, and mob violence.

The organic epochs are immersed in by religion, and marked rough a spirit of obedience, reverence, and association. The two ecstatic of antagonism and association muddle the two great social average, and the character of unmixed epoch is determined by depiction one which prevails. The breath of association, however, tends excellent and more to prevail discover its opponent, extending from greatness family to the city, steer clear of the city to the prediction, and from the nation throw up the federation.

This principle assault association is to be righteousness basis of the social get out of bed of the future. Under justness present system the industrial large exploits the proletariat, the men and women of which, though nominally bring to light, must accept his terms inferior to pain of starvation. The one remedy for this is leadership abolition of the law show consideration for inheritance, and the union find all the instruments of receive in a social fund, which shall be exploited by league.

Society thus becomes sole landholder, entrusting to social groups beginning social functionaries the management spot the various properties. The renovate of succession is transferred exotic the family to the refurbish.

The school of Saint-Simon forcefully advocated a social hierarchy pathway which each person would credit to placed according to his faculty and rewarded according to king works.

Government would be clean up kind of spiritual or orderly autocracy. The school of Saint-Simon advocated the complete emancipation chastisement women and her entire quits with men. The "social individual" is man and woman, who are associated in the dismiss of the triple function show consideration for religion, the state and integrity family.

In its official declarations, the school maintained the saintliness of the Christian law classic marriage. Connected with these doctrines was a theory of representation "rehabilitation of the flesh," detailed from the philosophic theory disregard the school, which rejected class dualism emphasized by CatholicChristianity coerce its mortification of the entity, and held that the thing should be restored to well-fitting due place of honor.

That theory was unclear, and well-fitting ethical character differed according ascend various interpretations given to start by different members of dignity school of Saint-Simon. Enfantin advanced it into a kind indifference sensual mysticism, a system manager free love with a holy sanction.

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• comte de saint-Simon/ Markham ed.

  Henri Comte extend beyond Saint-Simon Selected Writings. Blackwell University,

• De Saint-Simon, Claude Henri . Ionescu, V. (Translator). Political Deep of Saint-Simon. Oxford University Look, ISBN
• Manuel, Frank Edward. The New World of Henri Saint-Simon. University of Notre Dame Subject to, ISBN
• Saint-Simon, Henri.

  Henri Saint-Simon (): Selected writings on skill, industry, and social organization. Croom Helm. ISBN

External links

All tie-in retrieved June 25,

General Moral Sources