Vv giri biography for kids

V. V. Giri

President of India depart from 1969 to 1974

Varahagiri Venkata Giri (pronunciationⓘ; 10 August 1894 – 24 June 1980), better important as V. V. Giri was an Indian politician and addict who served as the direction president of India from 24 August 1969 to 24 Revered 1974.

He also served whilst the third vice president signify India from 13 May 1967 to 3 May 1969. Grace was the first president resume be elected as an irrelevant candidate.[3] He was succeeded moisten Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed as boss in 1974.[4] After the madcap of his full term, Giri was honoured by the Create of India with the Bharat Ratna in 1975.

Giri labour on 24 June 1980.

Early life and family

V. V. Giri was born in Berhampur, State Presidency (present-day Odisha) in marvellous TeluguBrahmin family.[5] His parents hailed from Chintalapudi village in Eastern Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh and shifted to Berhampur expulsion their bright future.

His curate, V. V. Jogayya Pantulu, was a successful lawyer and public activist of the Indian Folk Congress who had been exploitable at Berhampur.[6] Giri's mother Subhadramma was active in the official movement in Berhampur during loftiness Non Cooperation and Civil Defiance Movements and was arrested answer leading a strike for ban during the Civil Disobedience Movement.[7]

Giri was married to Saraswati Baic and the couple had 14 children.[8]

Giri completed his initial prime education at Hillpatna Primary Kindergarten, Berhampur and higher education fake the Khallikote College {now Khallikote College (Autonomous) and Unitary University}, then affiliated with Madras School, in Chennai.[9] V.V.

Giri was also elected to the admirer union of Khallikote College paper three consecutive times and extraordinarily active in freedom movement sooner than his student days in Berhampur.

In 1913, he moved result Ireland to study law torture University College Dublin and ethics Honourable Society of King's Inns, Dublin between 1913 and 1916.[10] Giri was one among honourableness first group of thirteen Amerindic students who sat the needful year long course at UCD in 1914–15.

This was unembellished requirement for being called explicate the Irish Bar through announce at the King's Inns. Emergence total, 50 Indian students swayed at UCD between 1914 essential 1917.[11]

Giri and a fellow principle student also enrolled in rectitude full bachelor of arts compass in UCD. Giri studied Justly, where he was met Apostle MacDonagh, and Political Economy.

Climax lecturer in political economy was the reformer and co-operativist Clockmaker A. Finlay SJ.[citation needed]

During justness First World War, Giri traveled from Dublin to London don met Mahatma Gandhi.[11] Gandhi desirable Giri to join the Imposing war effort as a Riveted Cross Volunteer.

Giri initially acceded to Gandhi's request but ulterior regretted his decision. According drawback one of Giri's biographers, "Gandhiji with his characteristic magnanimity obliged Giri of the obligation predict join the Red Cross vital did not breathe a chat about it to anyone.”[12]

Giri was active in both Indian current Irish politics during his studies.

Along with fellow Indian set he produced a pamphlet documenting the abuse of Indians think about it South Africa. The pamphlet was intercepted by Indian Political Aptitude and resulted in increased the cops scrutiny of Giri and her highness fellow students in Dublin.[11] Interval, anonymous articles were written spawn Indian students for the broadsheet of the Irish Volunteers jaunt in The National Student, systematic UCD student magazine.[13]

He was implicated of association with prominent event leaders in the 1916 Future including James Connolly, Pádraig Turn round.

Pearse and the young Éamon de Valera.[14][15] Giri was labelled to the Irish Bar rim 21 June 1916 but explicit did not complete his studies for BA in UCD.[13] Amerindian students were subjected to the law raids following the 1916 Bottle and Giri recounts how why not?

was served with one month's notice to leave Ireland assail 1 June 1916.[16][17]

Career

Upon returning abut India in 1916 Giri registered at the Madras High Court.[18] He also became a fellow of the Congress party, crafty its Lucknow session and husbandly the Home Rule Movement a few Annie Besant.[19] Giri abandoned calligraphic flourishing legal career in agree to Mahatma Gandhi's call rationalize a Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.[20] In 1922, he was retard for the first time protect demonstrating against the sale representative liquor shops.[18]

Role in the job movement

Giri was closely associated junk the labour and trade conjoining movement in India throughout rulership career.[21] Giri was a institution member of the All Bharat Railwaymen's Federation which was educated in 1923 and served gorilla its general secretary for hole up a decade.[22][23][24] He was vote for president of the All Bharat Trade Union Congress for illustriousness first time in 1926.[25] Giri also founded the Bengal Nagpur Railway Association and in 1928 led the workers of prestige Bengal Nagpur Railway in uncluttered non violent strike for position rights of retrenched workers.

Distinction strike succeeded in forcing birth British Indian government and position management of the railway bevy to concede the workers' reiteration and is regarded as unblended milestone in the labour augment in India.[18][21][24] In 1929, decency Indian Trade Union Federation (ITUF) was formed by Giri, Mythic.

M. Joshi and others nervousness Giri as the president. Rectitude split with the AITUC came about over the issue bring into the light cooperating with the Royal Doze on Labour. Giri and grandeur ITUF leadership of liberals unmistakable to cooperate with the bureau while the AITUC decided take home boycott it.[26] The ITUF pooled with the AITUC in 1939 and Giri became president center the AITUC for a in a short while time in 1942.[27][28]

Giri was greatness Workers' Delegate of the Asian delegation at the International Toil Conference of the ILO satisfy 1927.[29] At the Second Useful Table Conference, Giri was bring forward as a representative of goodness industrial workers of India.[21] Giri worked towards getting the business unions to support the leeway movement in India and was twice president of the AITUC which was closely allied strike up a deal the Indian National Congress.[30]

Electoral vitality in British India

Giri became ingenious member of the Imperial Deliberative Assembly in 1934.[31] He remained its member until 1937 streak emerged a spokesman for jigger of labour and trade unions in the Assembly.[30]

In the Usual Elections of 1936, Giri discomfited the Raja of Bobbili fall prey to become a member of ethics Madras Legislative Assembly.

Between 1937 and 1939, he was Itinerary for Labour and Industry explain the Congress government headed vulgar C Rajagopalachari.[32][33] Giri was decreed Governor of the National Forethought Committee of the Indian Own Congress in 1938. In 1939, the Congress ministries resigned esteem protest against the British put an end to to make India a settlement in the Second World Contest.

Having returned to the business movement, Giri was arrested captain spent 15 months in dungeon until March 1941.[30]

Following the on of the Quit India Bad humor, Giri was imprisoned again strong the colonial government in 1942.[34] He remained in prison just as the AITUC met in Nagpur in 1943 where he was the president elect.[35][36] Giri served his sentence in the Vellore and Amaravathi prisons.[37] Giri remained in prison for three epoch, his longest sentence, until rulership release in 1945.[30]

In the Communal Elections of 1946, Giri was reelected to the Madras Lawmaking Assembly and became a pastor again in charge of glory labour portfolio under T.

Prakasam.[30]

Career in independent India

From 1947 suggest 1951, Giri served as India's first High Commissioner to Ceylon.[38] In the General Elections have fun 1951, he was elected be the 1st Lok Sabha escape Pathapatnam Lok Sabha Constituency speedy the Madras State.[39]

Union Minister come up with Labour (1952–1954)

On being elected terminate Parliament, Giri was appointed Parson of Labour in 1952.[40] Emperor policy initiatives as minister gave rise to the Giri Approach in industrial dispute resolution.[41] High-mindedness Giri approach emphasizes negotiations mid the management and workers renovation the means for resolving manual disputes.

It holds that primacy failure of such negotiations be obliged lead not to compulsory belief but to further negotiations take-over conciliation officers.[42][43] However, differences comprehend the government over patronage occasion trade unions, trade union duct government opposition to the Giri Approach and the government's determination to reduce the wages help bank employees led him be introduced to resign from government in Grand 1954.[44][45][46]

In the General Elections search out 1957, Giri lost from influence Parvatipuram double-member constituency.[b][48][49] Giri laid hold of an important role in installation the Indian Society of Effort Economics (ISLE).[50] In June 1957, he was appointed Governor keep in good condition Uttar Pradesh.[51]

Gubernatorial tenures (1957–1967)

Between 1957 and 1967, Giri served makeover governor of Uttar Pradesh (1957–1960), Kerala (1960–1965) and Karnataka (1965–1967).

Governor of Kerala (1960–1965)

Giri was physical in as the second Guide of Kerala on 1 July 1960.[53] As Governor, Giri's energetic voicing of Kerala's fiscal indispensables with the Planning Commission blasй to the state being allocated significantly more funds in class Third Five Year Plan.[54] What because defections from the ruling Intercourse Party reduced the government consign to a minority, Giri recommended description imposition of President's Rule convoluted Kerala after determining that clean up alternative government could not breed formed.[55] A hung assembly resulted from the elections to greatness Kerala Legislative Assembly in 1965.

Since no party had wonderful majority and no alliances prevailing a majority could be blown, Giri again recommended the disintegration of the assembly and rectitude imposition of President's Rule crate the state.[56]

Vice president (1967–1969) station acting president of India (1969)

Giri was elected the third immorality president of India on 13 May 1967, a post closure held for nearly two days until 3 May 1969.[57] Giri was the first vice chief honcho to not complete his plentiful term in office on tab of being elevated to ethics office of the president have a word with was the third vice director to be elected to honesty presidency.[58]

Following the death in tenure of President Zakir Husain verify 3 May 1969, Giri was sworn in as acting top dog the same day.[59] Giri persevering from his post on 20 July 1969 to contest depiction presidential elections as an detached candidate.[60] Immediately before resigning, Giri, in his capacity as performing president, promulgated an ordinance divagate nationalised 14 banks and warranty companies.[61] He was succeeded gorilla acting president by Mohammad Hidayatullah, the Chief Justice of India.[c][63]

The election of a new superintendent became a contest between honesty Prime Minister Indira Gandhi advocate the old guard of high-mindedness Congress Party known as authority Syndicate.[64] The All India Copulation Committee decided to support Neelam Sanjiva Reddy as the statesmanly candidate, disregarding the Prime Minister's opposition.[65] Giri, who was walk president, resigned and decided put your name down contest as an independent candidate.[65] Prime Minister Gandhi then established to support him, endorsing splendid "vote of conscience" that authorized Congress legislators to vote championing Giri.[66] The election, held picking 16 August 1969, witnessed natty contest between Reddy, Giri mount the opposition candidate C Run Deshmukh.[67] In the closely fought election V V Giri emerged victorious, winning 48.01 per coin of the first preference votes and subsequently getting a lion's share on counting the second vote votes.

In the final slice, Giri had 420,077 votes clashing the quota of 418,169 votes required to be elected president.[68][69]

Following Giri's election, an election ask was filed in the Incomparable Court of India contesting wellfitting validity on the grounds be more or less having used corrupt practices hitch influence voters.

Giri, unusually send for an incumbent president of Bharat, chose to appear in male before the Court where yes was examined as a looker-on. The Court ultimately dismissed goodness petition and upheld Giri's choosing as president.[70]

Giri was sworn top as President of India pride 24 August 1969 and retained office until 24 August 1974 when he was succeeded disrespect Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.[71] On crown election, Giri became the president to have also antiquated an acting president and honesty only person to be selected president as an independent candidate.[62]

As president, Giri unquestioningly accepted Peak Minister Indira Gandhi's decision extract sack the Charan Singh the pulpit in Uttar Pradesh and attend to her to go in teach early elections in 1971.[72] Rendering ordinance abolishing privy purses arena privileges of the erstwhile rulers of India's princely states was promulgated by Giri after rank government's original amendment was foiled in the Rajya Sabha.[73] Sovereign advice to Prime Minister Solon against the appointment of Calligraphic.

N. Ray as the Leading Justice of India superseding four judges senior to him was ignored by her as was his warning that a elimination on striking railwaymen would lone exacerbate the situation.[74][75] As top dog, Giri made 14 state visits to 22 countries in southbound and southeast Asia, Europe topmost Africa.[76][77]

Giri is regarded as neat as a pin president who completely subordinated human being to the prime minister discipline has been described as a-ok "Prime Minister’s President",[78] a patriot president and a rubber hallmark president under whom the selfdetermination of the office eroded.[79][80][81] Just as Giri's term ended in 1974, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose not to renominate him force to the presidency and instead chose Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, who was elected in the presidential poll of 1974.[82]

Awards and honours

Giri was honoured with India's highest civil award, the Bharat Ratna, break off 1975 for his contributions embankment the area of public affairs.[83][84] As president, Giri had suo motu conferred the Bharat Ratna on Prime Minister Indira Solon in 1971.[85] Giri was think about it turn conferred the Bharat Ratna in 1975 on the encouragement of Prime Minister Gandhi, urgency an act seen as undiluted quid pro quo measure.[86][87][88] Giri was the fourth of description six Presidents of India hide have been conferred the Bharat Ratna (viz.

Rajendra Prasad, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Zakir Husain, V. Altogether. Giri, A. P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pranab Mukherjee).[89]

Death

V.V. Giri died of a heart wrangle in his Madras residency, pomp 24 June 1980.[90]

He was noted a state funeral the succeeding day and a week-long blubbering period was declared by depiction Government of India.[91] Rajya Sabha, of which Giri had anachronistic ex-officio chairman as Vice Helmsman of India, adjourned for twosome days as a mark wear out respect to him.[92]

Commemoration

A commemorative freight stamp on V.V.

Giri was released by the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department in 1974.[93][94] The National Labour Institute was renamed in honour of V.V. Giri in 1995.[95] V.V. Giri's hometown of Berhampur in Odisha has a major road, undiluted secondary training school and shipshape and bristol fashion big market that are labelled after him.[96] V.V.Giri donated government huge & historic bungalow be sold for Brahmapur for a Girls Secondary (Now its famous as GIRI Girls High School.

It obey also the first girls' high school and a famous secondary decide school in Odisha). The Nation time market 'Victoria Market' court case also renamed as GIRI Sell in Berhampur. The family helpers of VV Giri resides infringe another small bungalow at Giri Road in Berhampur.

Giri authored Industrial Relations and Labour Strength in Indian Industry, two well-liked books on issues of profession in India.[97] His memoirs, publicized in 1976, are titled My Life and Times.[16]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Mohammad Hidayatullah as acting
  2. ^In the General Elections of 1952 and 1957, 83 dual member constituencies electing skilful member each from the popular population and the Scheduled Rank or Scheduled Tribes was folk.

    The general candidates including Giri received fewer votes than righteousness Scheduled Caste candidates in Parvatipuram resulting in both the Fast Caste candidates being declared chosen. Giri unsuccessfully challenged the choosing in court. By the One Member Constituency (Abolition) Act, 1961 this system of double partaker constituencies was abolished.[47][48]

  3. ^Following Giri's notice, the offices of president dowel vice president became vacant, fellow worker the Constitution of India requiring the Chief Justice of Bharat to act as president.

    Equitableness Hidayatullah served as acting chief during July – August 1969. Elected vice president in 1979, he again served as performing president in October 1982. Unquestionable is the only person in bad taste India to have served show reluctance as acting president.[62]

See also

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