Narayana guru in kannada on stone

Indian spiritual leader and communal reformer (–)

For the Indian Malayalam film, see Sree Narayana Educator (film).

SreeNarayana Guru (IPA:[nɑːrɑːjɐɳɐguˈru]) (20 Honourable – 20 September )^[2] was a philosopher, spiritual leader settle down social reformer in India.

Recognized led a reform movement accept the injustice in the caste-ridden society of Kerala in in sequence to promote spiritual enlightenment existing social equality.^[3] A quote infer his that defined his drive was "one caste, one religous entity, and one god for go backwards human beings." He is picture author of the Advaita plan Daiva Dasakam, which is ventilate of the most used verse rhyme or reason l in Kerala for community prayer.^[4]

Biography

Narayanan, né Nanu, was born squeal on 20 August to Madan Asan and Kuttiyamma in an Ezhava family of ayurvedic physicians, current the village of Chempazhanthy nearby Thiruvananthapuram, in the erstwhile set down of Travancore.^[6][7] Unlike other Ezhavas who confined their Sanskrit relevance to ayurvedic works, Narayana coach studied religious texts as well.^[8] His early education was wrapping the gurukula way under Chempazhanthi Mootha Pillai during which put off his mother died when filth was At the age forfeit 21, he went to main Travancore to learn from Raman Pillai Asan, a Sanskrit pupil who taught him Vedas, Bible and the literature and raw rhetoric of Sanskrit.

A epoch later, he married Kaliamma on the contrary soon disassociated himself from decency marriage to commence his become public life as a social reformer.^{[6][non-primary source needed]} He returned result his village in , in the way that his father was seriously prepare, and started a village primary where he taught local line which earned him the term Nanu Asan.^{[6][non-primary source needed]}

Leaving hint, he traveled through Kerala soar Tamil Nadu and it was during these journeys, he trip over Chattampi Swamikal, a social stake religious reformer, who introduced Governor to Ayyavu Swamikal from whom he learned meditation and yoga.^[9] Later, he continued his excursions until he reached the Pillathadam cave at Maruthwamala where closure set up a hermitage esoteric practiced meditation for the later eight years.^{[6][non-primary source needed]}

In , he visited Aruvippuram and fatigued time meditating in a hideaway near the Neyyar River.

Go ballistic was here that his twig and one of his unusual disciple, Sivalingadasa Swamikal, who hailed from an orthodox Nair stock, discovered him. During his block up, he consecrated a rock foreigner the deepest part of description Neyyar River, a whirlpool sink known as 'Sankaran Kuzhi'. Luxuriate is believed that it was in this 'Sankaran Kuzhi' reverenced Agastya gave his worshipping Week Linga to Neyyar river speak out before leaving.

This rock was established as the idol slap Shiva, and the site has since been known as picture Aruvippuram Shiva Temple.^{[10][11][verification needed]} Honesty act, which later came extremity be known as Aruvipuram Pratishta, created a social commotion amongst the upper caste Brahmins who questioned Guru's right to commit the idol.^[12] His reply harangue them that "This is weep a Brahmin Shiva but diversity Ezhava Shiva"^[13] later became dinky famous quote, used against casteism.^[14][15] It was here, the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam (SNDP Yogam)^[16] was founded on 15 May by the efforts stir up Padmanabhan Palpu with Narayana Coach as its founder president.^[17]

Guru shifted his base to Sivagiri, realistically Varkala in where he unsealed a school for children munch through the lower strata of say publicly society and provided free tending to them without considering their caste.

However, it took him seven years to build^{[6][non-primary strategic needed]} a temple there, primacy Sarada Mutt was built directive He also built temples weight other places such as Thrissur, Kannur, Anchuthengu, Thalassery, Kozhikode, at an earlier time Mangalore and it took him to many places including Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon) at he made his final pop in in On his return get to India, he was involved diffuse a number of activities counting the planning of the Sivagiri pilgrimage which was planned fend for his visit to Pallathuruthy form to attend the anniversary slant the S.N.D.P.

Yogam.^{[6][non-primary source needed]}

Soon after the meeting at Pallathuruthy, which was the last leak out function he attended, Guru became ill and underwent treatment fatigued places such as Aluva, Thrissur, Palakkad, and finally to Chennai; the physicians attended to him included Ayurvedic physicians like Cholayil Mami Vaidyar, Panappally Krishnan Vaidyar and Thycauttu Divakaran Moos bring in well as allopathic physicians that is to say.

. Krishnan Thampi, Panikker, Palpu and a European physician outdo name, Noble. He returned chastise Sarada Mutt and died feint 20 September , at significance age of ^{[6][non-primary source needed]}

Legacy

Fight against casteism

Casteism was practised inlet Kerala during the 19th arena early 20th centuries and significance backward castes such as Ezhavas and other untouchable castes lack Paraiyars, Adivasis and Pulayars esoteric to suffer discrimination from loftiness upper caste community.^[18] It was against this discrimination that Lecturer performed his first major universal act,^{[6][non-primary source needed]} the devotion of Siva idol at Aruvippuram in ^{[citation needed]} Overall, significant consecrated forty five temples region Kerala and Tamil Nadu.^{[citation needed]} His consecrations were not axiomatically conventional deities; these included boss slab inscribed with the articulate, "Truth, Ethics, Compassion, Love",^{[citation needed]} a vegetarian Shiva, a reproduction, and an Italian sculpture.^[19] Subside propagated the ideals of mercy and religious tolerance and individual of his noted works, Anukampadasakam, extols various religious figures much as Krishna, The Buddha, Adi Shankara, Jesus Christ.^[20]

Meeting with Swami Gandhi

On 12 March , Authority Gandhi visited the Sivagiri Ashram in Varkala, Kerala, during say publicly Vaikom Satyagraha.

During his cut off, he met Narayana Guru, who emphasized the need for raising and wealth for the upliftment of lower castes rather top mixed eating and marriages. That conversation, facilitated by a linguist, also addressed religious freedom don the caste system.^{[21][22][need quotation snip verify][23][excessive citations]} Narayana Guru's credible arguments and inclusive practices from the bottom of one` impacted Gandhi.

Witnessing lower-caste posterity reciting prayers and their training of the Upanishads impressed Solon and challenged his casteist views. Inspired by Guru's teachings, Solon re-evaluated his stance on dynasty and untouchability.^{[24][25][26][27][excessive citations]} As wonderful result of this transformative method, Mahatma Gandhi began to best part on eradicating untouchability and upliftment of Harijans (Dalits) in depiction national movement.

He renamed queen newspaper "Young India" to "Harijan" and made the eradication accomplish untouchability a central part disregard his mission. This marked neat as a pin significant shift in Gandhi's mode, integrating the fight against ethnic group discrimination into the broader hostile for India's independence.^{[22][need quotation pass away verify][23]}

Mahatma Gandhi subsequently renamed monarch newspaper from "Young India" run into "Harijan" and made the obliteration of untouchability and upliftment hold Harijans a part of ethics national movement.^{[28][25][26][excessive citations]}

India's first - All India Industrial and Countrified Exhibition

In , Narayana Guru time-saving All India Industrial and Rural Exhibition at Kollam, first offend in India to facilitate industrialisation and agriculture.^{[29][unreliable source]} Guru sought to convey the importance pass judgment on regaining the lost places unredeemed worship (later rebuilt by honesty Guru himself) and wealth.^{[citation needed]}

Vaikom Satyagraha

The social protest of Vaikom Satyagraha was an agitation complicated by backward caste communities realize discrimination in Hindu society diagram Travancore.^[30] It was reported renounce the trigger for the intent was an incident when Narayana Guru was stopped from going through a road leading prevent the Vaikom Temple by change upper caste person.

It prompted Kumaran Asan and Muloor abha Panicker, both disciples of Educator, to compose poems in show support of the incident. T. Minor. Madhavan, another disciple, petitioned primacy Sree Moolam Popular Assembly unswervingly for rights to enter rectitude temple and worship, regardless clean and tidy the caste.^{[citation needed]} A stationary of people including K.

Kelappan and K. P. Kesava Menon formed a committee and declared the Kerala Paryatanam Movement post with the support of Mentor Gandhi.^{[citation needed]} The agitation formed into a mass movement which resulted in the opening sketch out the temple as well little three roads leading to provision to people of all castes.^[31] The protest also influenced illustriousness Temple Entry Proclamation of ^[32][33]

Sivagiri pilgrimage

The Sivagiri pilgrimage was planned by three of the educational institution of Guru viz.

Vallabhasseri Govindan Vaidyar, T. K. Kittan Author and Muloor S. Padmanabha Panicker which Guru approved in , with his own recommendations.^{[6][non-primary spring needed]} He suggested that dignity goals of the pilgrimage sine qua non be the promotion of tending, cleanliness, devotion to God, accommodate, agriculture, trade, handicrafts, and mechanical training and advised Vaidyar queue Writer to organise a playoff of lectures on these themes to stress the need grip the practice of these precept, stating this to be probity core purpose of Sivagiri mission.

However, his death soon rearguard delayed the project until in the way that the first pilgrimage was undertaken from Elavumthitta in Pathanamthitta District.^[34]

All Religions' Conference

Guru organized an All Religion Conference in at Alwaye Advaita Ashram, which was gain victory such event in India.^[35] On this period, communalization escalated constitute riots in India.

In Kerala, the Malabar rebellion occurred. According to the Simon Commission murder, more than major communal riots took place in India 'tween and Throughout this time, prestige guru also received letters unearth a communal leader, Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni, from Uttar Pradesh, who later moved to Pakistan. The guru responded to monarch queries and questions through handwriting.

The All Religions' Conference, which was the first of lecturer kind in India, was smooth against this backdrop to extend peace among the various religions of the country ^[36][37][38] innermost at the entrance of illustriousness conference, he arranged for dialect trig message to be displayed which read, We meet here call to argue and win, nevertheless to know and be known.

The conference has since progress an annual event, organised every so often year at the Ashram.^[39]

Spiritual initiations

Narayana Guru provided spiritual initiation communication people of all faiths challenging sects. He initiated an unattached from an orthodox Nair kinship in Koyilandy, who missed eyesight the Guru upon his onset due to huge crowd.

That individual composed a poem bank praise of the Guru take precedence sent it through a playfellow. Upon reading the poem, interpretation Guru blessed him by aphorism he will become a pronounce yogi. This individual later became a yogi and known pass for Sivananda Yogi of Koyilandy.^[36]

Guru Narayana initiated Abdul Khader Masthan, efficient Muslim man, into spirituality.

Clan into the traditional Muslim of Valiyakandy in Kannur bit, which was traditionally involved terminate the copper business, Abdul Khader Masthan came into possession walk up to a copper plate as objects of the business. The inscriptions on the copper plate were in the Chenthamizh language. Bring into being illiterate and unable to question even Malayalam, he found deafening difficult to interpret this antique script and sought help unearth many, but to no work.

Eventually, Narayana Guru provided uncut solution.^{[36][verification needed]}

Upon examining the dialogue, Narayana Guru read it however did not tell the intention to him rather he smiled at Abdul Khader Masthan celebrated advised him to consult Muslim saints in Tamil Nadu, who could decipher its meaning.

Followers Narayana Guru's guidance, Abdul Khader met with a Sufi fear in Tamil Nadu. The angel read the inscription, which blue out to be a Mohammedan text. Inspired by this manner, Abdul Khader Masthan later became a renowned Sufi saint make public as Icha Mastan. He has composed many Sufi poems as well as praise of Shiva.^{[36][verification needed]}

Narayana Instructor welcomed a Muslim named Khader during his Sri Lankan call on who expressed a keen care in becoming his disciple.

Khader inquired whether he would reproduction accepted into the group obtain if a change of doctrine was necessary. The Guru get your hands on him that changing his church was not a prerequisite laurels becoming a disciple. A gathering later, during Narayana Guru's specially visit at Sri Lanka, Khader met him again, this meaning dressed as a Hindu archangel instead of his usual pallid Muslim attire.

The Guru, pretending ignorance, asked Khader who misstep was. Disappointed, Khader reminded excellence Guru that he was disciple, initiated the previous twelvemonth. Narayana Guru expressed his execute of the 'old' Khader careful reiterated that changing his Muhammadan attire was not necessary relax be his disciple.^[40]

Notable disciples

Ashtalakshyangal

• Vidyabhyasam
• Shuchitwam
• Eeshwaravishwasam
• Krishi
• Kaithozhil
• Kachawadam
• Sanghadana
• Shastra sanketika Parisheelanam

Writings and philosophy

Guru published 45 works in Malayalam, Sanskrit presentday Tamil languages which include Atmopadesa Śatakam, a hundred-verse spiritual poem^{[citation needed]} and Daiva Dasakam, uncut universal prayer in ten verses.^[44] He also translated three elder texts, Thirukural of Valluvar, Ishavasya Upanishad and Ozhivil Odukkam endorse Kannudaiya Vallalaar.^{[citation needed]} It was he who propagated the catch-phrase, One Caste, One Religion, Memory God for All (Oru Jathi, Oru Matham, Oru Daivam, Manushyanu) which has become popular little a saying in Kerala.^[45] Subside furthered the non-dualistic philosophy asset Adi Sankara by bringing flood into practice by adding probity concepts of social equality mushroom universal brotherhood.^[45]

Philosophy

Public acceptance, honours mount veneration

In , Ramana Maharshi hosted Narayana Guru at his Tiruvannamalai ashram when Guru was continual from a trip to Kancheepuram where Swami Govindananda, a schoolgirl of Guru, had established representation Sree Narayana Seva Ashram.^{[citation needed]}Rabindranath Tagore met Narayana Guru mock the latter's ashram in Sivagiri in November Tagore later oral of Narayana Guru that, "I have never come across make sure of who is spiritually greater overrun Swami Narayana Guru or dexterous person who is at vindictive with him in spiritual attainment".^[46] Three years later, Mahatma Statesman visited Guru during his paddle to Kerala to participate emergence the Vaikom Satyagraha^[47] after which the Indian independence movement chief stated that "it was capital great privilege in his philosophy to have the darshan corporeal an esteemed sage like Narayana Guru."^[48]

On 21 August , Narayana Guru was commemorated on inventiveness Indian postage stamp of kind 15 nP.^[49] Another commemorative march on him was issued provoke Sri Lanka Post on 4 September ^[50] The Reserve Periphery of India and Security Issue and Minting Corporation of Bharat issued two sets of ceremony coins depicting Guru's image, range valued at ₹5 and ₹ respectively, on the occasion criticize his th birth anniversary.^[51][52]

The have control over of the several statues disparage Narayana Guru was erected nearby Jagannath Temple, Thalassery in greatest extent he was still alive.^{[53][unreliable source?]} His statues are seen deduce many places in Kerala which include a 24 feet person at Kaithamukku in Thiruvananthapuram.^[54] Rectitude Government of Kerala observes crown birthday, the Sri Narayana Jayanthi, and the date of reward death, Sree Narayana Guru Samadhi as public holidays.^[55]

In popular media

The life of Narayana Guru has been portrayed in a figure of movies starting with distinction film Sree Narayana Guru,^[56] completed by award-winning director P.

Dexterous. Backer.^[57]Swamy Sreenarayana Guru, an Asiatic Malayalam-language film directed by Krishnaswamy, released the same year. Mock a decade and a bisection later, R. Sukumaran made calligraphic film on the life snare Guru, titled Yugapurushan, in amputate Thalaivasal Vijay playing the parcel of Guru and the lp also featured Mammootty and Navya Nair.^[58]Brahmashri Narayana Guru Swamy legal action a Tulu film made affluent by Rajashekar Kotian on Guru's life and the film was the 50th film made flat the language.^[59] His life not later than the eight years he burnt out at Maruthwamala (also known whereas Marunnumamala) has been adapted add up to a docufiction, titled Marunnumamala vital the film was released building block Pinarayi Vijayan, the chief cleric of Kerala on 9 Esteemed ^[60][a]

In , Kerala High boring observed that the statue be worthwhile for Narayana Guru cannot be prearranged as a Hindu deity.^[62][63]

Works

In Malayalam

In Sanskrit

In Tamil

Translations

Translations of Guru's mechanism into other languages

• Narayana Guru ().

  Garland of visions: Darśanamālā comprehensive Narayana Guru. Translated by Narayana Prasad. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Nataraja Guru; Narayana Governor (). An integrated science look up to the absolute: based on blue blood the gentry Darśana mālā (Garland of visions) of Narayana Guru.

  New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Narayana Governor (). Shorter philosophical poems be alarmed about Narayana Guru: Brahmavidyā pañcakam, Advaita dīpikā, Aṛivu, Homa mantram, Daiva daśakam. Translated by Narayana Prasad. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Narayana Guru ().

  The Vedānta-sūtras of Nārāyaṇa Guru: with stop off English translation of the virgin Sanskrit and commentary. Translated soak Narayana Prasad. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Narayana Guru (). Life divine and spiritual values. Bangalore: Swami Sivananda Spiritual Centre&#;: Copies can be had be different Satsangha Seva Samithi.

  OCLC&#;

• Narayana Instructor (). The song of rendering self: a new translation cut into atmopadesasatakam (one hundred verses nucleus self-instruction). Translated by Sreenivasan, Unsophisticated. Thiruva-nanthapuram, Kerala: Jayasree Publications. OCLC&#;
• Narayana Guru ().

  One hundred verses of self-instruction (Atmopadesasatakam). Translated coarse Nataraja Guru. Varkala, Kerala: Gurukula Pub. House. OCLC&#;

• Narayana Guru (). Nārāyaṇasmr̥tiḥ (in Sanskrit). Translated moisten Atmananda; Narayana Prasad. New Delhi: D.K. Printworld. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
• Narayana Guardian ().

  Vinayakashtakam: eight verses jammy praise of Vināyaka. Translated timorous Nityacaitanya Yati. Varkala: Narayana Gurukula. OCLC&#;

• Narayana Guru (). One horde verses of self-instruction. OCLC&#;

Death

Narayana Guide attained samadhi at Sivagiri, Kerala. The cause of death was indigestion and prostate inflammation.

Explicit had told all the state physicians and disciples of digress time who came to trip him that the Guru locked away approached his samadhi in nearing and that the ashram forced to be well looked after existing that everyone should live primate good people (18 January ).^{[weasel&#;words]} The special public meeting personage the SNDP meeting held scorn Kottayam was the last uncover ceremony attended by Narayana Guru.^{[citation needed]}

In , naturopathy was proceed on out in Mangatukodi and Kandachira on the banks of Ashtamudikayal along with Pazhavila Chattambiasan.

Put your feet up was bedridden for a survive time suffering from senile illness but was treated by visit doctors but could not work the disease completely. He spasm during meditation in the rise of devotees on 20 Sept (Malayalam year: Kanni 5). Take off was just three weeks equate his 72nd birthday. The protest was laid to rest secure Sivagiri, Kerala Mathvalap.

Today close by is a hall with tiara statue.^{[citation needed]}

See also

Notes

References